12 types of heat exchanger working principles - Bookmarked!

1.Casing type heat exchanger
Principle: Each section of the casing is called "a course", the course of the inner tube (heat transfer tube) to borrow U-shaped elbow tube, while the outer tube with a short tube connected in turn into a row, fixed in the bracket. Heat is transferred from one fluid to another through the walls of the inner tube.
Typically, the hot fluid (fluid A) is introduced from the top, while the cold fluid (fluid B) is introduced from the bottom. The ends of the outer tube of the casing are connected to the inner tube by welding or flanging. The inner tube is mostly flanged to the U-shaped elbow tube to facilitate the cleaning and addition or removal of heat transfer tubes. The effective length of each heat transfer tube is taken from 4 to 7 metres. This heat exchanger heat transfer area of up to 18 square metres, so suitable for small capacity heat transfer.
Advantages: simple structure, can withstand high pressure. The heat transfer area can be increased or reduced according to needs, easy to apply.
Disadvantages: more pipe ends, easy to leak. Large footprint, unit heat transfer surface consumption of metal

2.Floating head type heat exchanger
Principle: floating head type heat exchanger floating head end structure by the cylinder, the outer head cover side flange, floating head tube plate, hook ring, floating head cover, outer head cover and silk hole, steel ring and other components
Advantages: When there is a temperature difference between the heat exchanger tube and the shell, the shell or the heat exchanger tube expands without constraining each other and does not produce temperature stress. Tube bundle can be withdrawn from the shell, easy to clean the tube and between the tubes
Disadvantages: more complex structure, large amount of material used, high cost. Floating head cover and floating tube plate between if the seal is not tight, the occurrence of internal leakage, resulting in the mixing of the two media.

3.Immersed snake tube heat exchange
Principle: This heat exchanger is a metal tube bent into a variety of shapes to suit the container, and immersed in the container of liquid.
Advantages: simple structure, can withstand high pressure, corrosion-resistant materials available for manufacturing.
Disadvantages: the container of liquid turbulence is low, the heat transfer coefficient outside the tube is small. To improve the heat transfer coefficient, the vessel can be installed in the stirrer.

4.Plate type heat exchanger
Principle: plate heat exchanger is the ideal equipment for liquid-liquid, liquid-vapor heat exchange. It is a new type of high-efficiency heat exchanger with a certain corrugated shape of a series of metal sheets stacked and formed.
The structural principle of plate heat exchanger: removable plate heat exchanger is made of many stamped corrugated sheet at certain intervals, surrounded by gaskets sealed and overlapped with a frame and compression spiral pressed together, the four corner holes of the plates and gaskets form the distribution and collection of fluid tubes, and at the same time reasonably separate the hot and cold fluids, so that they flow in the flow channel on both sides of each plate, through the plate for heat exchange.

5.Heat exchanger with compensation ring
Principle: The heat exchanger is composed of a baffle plate, compensation ring and heat release nozzle. When the fluid for high-temperature heat exchange, due to the shell and tube bundle due to the temperature difference is too large, causing a different thermal expansion rate, the compensation ring is to eliminate this thermal stress.

6.Plate fin type heat exchanger
Principle: It is a more efficient, compact and lightweight heat exchanger. In the past, due to high manufacturing costs, only used in aerospace, electronics, atomic energy and a few other sectors. Now it has been gradually used in petrochemical and other industrial sectors.
Plate fin heat exchanger structure in many forms, but the basic components of the same, that is, between two parallel thin metal plate, adding corrugated or other shapes of metal fins, the two sides of the face sealed, that is, a basic element of heat transfer.
Advantages: High heat transfer efficiency and good temperature control. The fins are very thin, compact and small in size. The fins have both a heat transfer surface and a supporting role and are high in strength.
Disadvantages: Narrow flow channels, easy to block and difficult to clean. The spacer and fins are very thin and require that the medium does not corrode the aluminium, if it does, it will cause internal string leaks that are difficult to repair. Complex structure, to increase the difficulty of design.

7.Clipped heat exchanger
Principle: The outer wall of the container is installed in the jacket made, jacket and the space formed between the container as a heating medium or cooling medium pathway. But its heating surface by the container wall restrictions, the heat transfer coefficient is not high. In order to improve the heat transfer coefficient and make the liquid in the container heated evenly, can be installed in the container stirrer. When the jacket is fed with cooling water or heating agent without phase change, a spiral spacer or other measures to increase turbulence can be set up in the jacket to improve the heat transfer coefficient on the jacket side.
Advantages: simple structure, easy processing.
Disadvantages: small heat transfer area, low heat transfer efficiency.

8.U-shaped tube heat exchanger
Principle: U-shaped tube heat exchanger is the heat exchanger tube bent into a U-shaped, fixed at both ends of the same tube plate. U-shaped tube heat exchanger only a tube plate, no floating head, the structure is relatively simple. Tube bundle can be freely withdrawn and installed, easy to clean, with the advantages of floating head type heat exchanger, but due to the heat exchanger tube made of U-shaped bends of varying radii, the outermost heat exchanger tube can be replaced after damage, the other tubes can only be plugged. At the same time, it is compared with the fixed tube plate heat exchanger, due to the heat exchanger tube by the bending radius of the limitations of its tube bundle centre part of the gap, the fluid is easy to go short circuit, affecting the heat transfer effect.
Features.
1, U-shaped heat exchanger tube bundle can float freely, without considering the temperature difference stress, can be used for large temperature difference occasions.
2.Only one tube plate, less flanges, less leakage points, simple structure.
3.The tube bundle can be cleaned by core extraction.
4, due to the minimum bending radius of the U-shaped tube restrictions, the separation spacing is wide, so less row of tubes.
5, when the tube flow rate is too high, will produce serious erosion of the U-shaped bend section, affecting the life.
6, due to the heat exchanger tube is U-shaped, the tube cleaning difficulties, so the medium inside the tube should be clean and not easy to scale materials.
Advantages: simple structure, only a tube plate, sealing surface less, reliable operation, low cost; tube bundle can be withdrawn, easy to clean between the tubes.
Disadvantages: cleaning inside the tube is difficult; as the tube needs to have a certain bending radius, so the utilization rate of the tube plate is low; the innermost layer of the tube bundle has a large spacing, the shell process is easy to short circuit; the inner layer of the tube is bad can only be blocked but not replaced, so the scrap rate is high.

9.Tubular heat exchanger
Principle: The tube heat exchanger is currently the most widely used in chemical and alcohol production of a heat exchanger. It is mainly composed of shell, tube plate, heat exchanger tube, head, folded baffle, etc.. The required materials can be made of ordinary carbon steel, copper or stainless steel respectively.
In the heat exchange, a fluid from the head of the connection tube at the entry, in the tube flow, from the other end of the head of the export tube out, which is called the tube process; another - a fluid from the shell of the receiver into, from the shell of another receiver out, which is called the shell process tube heat exchanger.

10.Spiral plate heat exchanger
Principle: Spiral plate type is a new type of heat exchanger, good heat transfer efficiency, high operational stability, can work together more than one. High heat transfer efficiency, operational reliability, low resistance. However, the spiral plate heat exchanger requires high welding quality and is more difficult to overhaul. Large weight, poor rigidity, spiral plate heat exchanger transport and installation should pay special attention.

11.Spray type heat exchanger
Principle: This heat exchanger is the heat exchanger tube is fixed in rows on a steel frame, thermal fluid flow in the tube, cooling water from above the spray device evenly showered down, so also known as the spray cooler. The outside of the heat exchanger tube is a layer of liquid film with a high degree of turbulence, and the heat transfer coefficient outside the tube is much higher than that of the immersion type. In addition, most of this heat exchanger is placed in the air circulation, the evaporation of cooling water also takes away part of the heat, can play a role in reducing the temperature of cooling water, increase the role of heat transfer propulsion. Therefore, and immersed compared to the spray heat exchanger, the heat transfer effect has been greatly improved.

12.Heat pipe heat exchanger
Principle. Heat pipe is a heat transfer element with high thermal conductivity, it is through the evaporation and condensation of the mass in the fully enclosed vacuum tube shell to transfer heat, with very high thermal conductivity, good isothermal, hot and cold sides of the heat transfer area can be arbitrarily changed, can be a long distance heat transfer, temperature control and a series of advantages. The disadvantage is that the resistance to oxidation and high temperatures is poor. This disadvantage can be solved by installing a set of ceramic heat exchanger in the front, ceramic heat exchanger better solve the problem of high temperature and corrosion resistance.
Currently has been widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, oil refining, boilers, ceramics, transportation, light textile, machinery and other industries, as waste heat recovery and process heat in the use of energy-saving equipment, has achieved significant economic benefits.
Source: Chemical Technology Information
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