Tower equipment is the most notable equipment in the petrochemical industry, in the tower equipment can be gas-liquid or liquid-liquid full contact between the two phases, the implementation of inter-phase mass transfer, so in the production process commonly used in the tower equipment for distillation, absorption, desorption, gas humidification and cooling and other unit operation process
1. Packed
Absorption Tower Introduction: The
Packed Tower is a mass transfer equipment using the packing in the tower as the contact member between the two phases of gas and liquid. The tower body is a vertical cylinder, the bottom is equipped with packing support plate, packing in a messy pile or the whole way placed on the support plate. The packing is installed above the packing pressure plate to prevent it from being blown by the rising airflow. Liquid is sprayed onto the packing from the top of the tower via a liquid distributor and flows down the surface of the packing. The gas is fed from the bottom of the tower, the gas distribution device (small diameter tower is generally not set up gas distribution device) distribution, and the liquid is counter-current continuous through the gap in the packing layer, on the surface of the packing, gas-liquid two-phase close contact for mass transfer. Packed tower is a continuous contact gas-liquid mass transfer equipment, the composition of the two phases along the tower height continuous change, in the normal operating state, the gas phase for the continuous phase, the liquid phase for the dispersed phase.
Advantages: large production capacity, high separation efficiency, small pressure drop, small liquid holding capacity, large operating flexibility, etc.
Disadvantages: high packing cost; when the liquid load is small can not effectively wet the packing surface, so that the mass transfer efficiency is reduced; can not be used directly for suspended matter or easy polymerisation of materials; side line feed and discharge and other complex distillation is not very suitable.
2. Plate
Distillation Tower Plate type tower for the step-by-step contact gas-liquid transfer equipment, it is mainly composed of cylindrical shell, tower plate, overflow weir, drop liquid tube and liquid tray and other components.
Principle: the liquid relies on gravity, from the upper plate of the liquid drop tube flow to the lower plate of the liquid tray, and then lateral flow through the plate, from the other side of the liquid drop tube flow to the next layer of the plate. The function of the overflow weir is to maintain a certain thickness of liquid layer on the tower plate. The gas is pushed by the pressure difference, bottom up through the gas channel of each layer of the tower plate (bubble cover, sieve or floating valve, etc.), dispersed into small streams, bubble through the liquid layer of each layer of the tower plate. On the tower plate, the two phases of gas and liquid are in close contact and exchange heat and mass. In the plate tower, the gas-liquid phases are in contact step by step and the composition of the two phases varies in steps along the tower height.
3. Gas cooling towers
Cooling tower role: industrial production process generated waste heat, generally to use cooling water to take away. The role of the cooling tower is to carry the waste heat of the cooling water in the tower and the air for heat exchange, so that the waste heat transfer to the air and dissipate into the atmosphere. For example: in thermal power plants, the boiler will be heated into high-temperature, high-pressure steam, push the turbine to do work so that the generator power generation, by the turbine after the work of the waste steam into the
Condenser, and cooling water for heat exchange condensation into water, and then pump back to the boiler cycle. In this process, the waste heat of the steam is transferred to the cooling water, which raises the temperature of the water, and the cooling water, which carries the waste heat, is transferred to the air in the cooling tower and discharged into the atmosphere from the wind pipe.
Cooling tower application range: mainly used in air conditioning cooling system, refrigeration series, injection molding, tanning, foaming, power generation, turbines, aluminium processing, air compressor, industrial water cooling and other fields, the most used for air conditioning cooling, refrigeration, plastic chemical industry.
4. Sieve plate
Extraction Tower Sieve plate extraction tower features: large capacity, simple structure, low cost, widely used in the chemical production process. The flow structure of the liquid-liquid phase in the tower has an important influence on the mass transfer efficiency, while the flow structure of the continuous phase is closely related to the structure of the tower components.
5. packed extraction tower
Principle of operation: The structure of packed extraction tower is basically the same as that of a packed tower for distillation or absorption, the tower is filled with suitable packing, the light liquid phase enters from the bottom of the tower and is removed from the top; the heavy liquid phase enters from the top of the tower and is removed from the bottom. The continuous phase fills the whole tower during the extraction operation, while the dispersed phase is dispersed into droplets by the distributor into the packing layer and comes into contact with the continuous liquid phase for mass transfer.
6. reciprocating sieve plate extraction tower
Working principle: reciprocating sieve plate extraction tower is also known as vibrating sieve plate tower. The tower is equipped with a reciprocating vibrating central shaft with many sieve plates. The central shaft drives the plate string through the drive at the top of the tower to make a vertical reciprocating motion in the tower, thus stirring and dispersing the two liquid phases flowing against the flow in the tower. The amplitude and frequency of the reciprocating motion of the plate string can be adjusted. The reciprocating sieve plate extraction tower is widely used in pharmaceutical, petrochemical, wet metallurgy and waste water treatment industries due to its large capacity, high efficiency, high operational flexibility and simple structure.
7. rotary sieve plate extraction tower
Working Principle: The turntable extraction tower belongs to the mechanical stirring tower extraction equipment, which consists of three parts: the upper clarification section, the mixing section, and the lower clarification section. The mixing section is a cylindrical one, divided into a series of extraction chambers by static ring baffles, with a fixed turntable in the middle of the two static ring baffles, and rotating together with the stirring shaft. During operation, the heavy (aqueous) and light (organic) phases enter from the top and bottom of the column respectively, and are in counter-current contact within the column. After the extraction process is completed, the light phase and the heavy phase flow out from the top and bottom outlets respectively.
8. F1 type floatation tower
Features: larger production capacity, stable tower plate efficiency, flexible operation, and low cost, easy maintenance and cleaning, so it is widely used.
9. Blister Tower
Working principle: usually used to make close contact between vapour (or gas) and liquid to promote their mutual mass transfer. The tower is equipped with a multi-layer horizontal plate, the plate has a number of short tubes for the vapour (or gas) to pass through, which are covered with a bubble cover with teeth or small grooves on the bottom edge, and equipped with an overflow pipe. Operation, the liquid from the upper part of the tower continuous entry, through the overflow pipe by plate down, and in each plate on the accumulation of liquid layer, the formation of liquid seal; steam (or gas) from the bottom of the tower into, through the bottom edge of the bubble cover on the teeth or small groove dispersed into a small bubble, and liquid full contact, and through the liquid layer and reach the liquid surface, and then rise into the upper layer of the tower plate. Short tube installed in the tower, called the internal overflow type; also installed in the tower, called the external overflow type. Blister towers are widely used for distillation and gas absorption. Blister tower operation flexibility, tower plate is not easy to block, but the structure is complex, high cost, plate liquid layer is thick, tower plate pressure drop is large, production capacity and plate efficiency is low.
10. Turbulent Ball Tower Dust Collector
Principle: A certain amount of polyethylene spherical packing is put into the tower, when the gas velocity reaches a certain value, the small balls are suspended and violently tossed and rotate and collide with each other to achieve the effect of mass transfer and dust removal.
Features: It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional towers which are prone to scaling, clogging, low desulphurisation efficiency, unstable operation and high operating costs, while reducing the liquid to gas ratio to a minimum of 1 to 3 L/m³ and lower operating costs.
11.
Washing Tower Introduction: The scrubber tower is a new type of gas purification and treatment equipment. It is improved on the basis of floatable packing layer gas purifier and is widely used in industrial waste gas purification, dust removal and other aspects of pre-treatment, purification effect is very good. For the coal gasification process, gas scrubbing is inevitable and this unit operation is used regardless of the coal gasification technology. As it works similarly to the scrubbing process, it is named scrubber tower.
Features:
1) A water-washed exhaust gas treatment system, which is cheap and simple to treat;
2) Upright structure most suitable for economical space installation;
3) Suitable for gaseous and liquid sources of pollution;
4) Treatment of a single source of pollution;
5) Suitable for low to medium air volumes;
12. fractionation tower
Principle: in a limited space, as much as possible to increase the heat exchange area of the liquid phase mixture, generally used for distillation of the mixture for organic azeotropes, azeotropes from the
Reactor first heat up to the fractionation section, the boiling point of the low continue to rise, because the top of the tower in the low boiling point of the heat transfer and low boiling point of the same temperature, so the low boiling point of the material is fractionated out, while the higher boiling point of the material because it does not reach the corresponding boiling point The higher boiling material is not at the corresponding boiling point, so it will be cooled and returned to the reactor or the lower part of the fractionation column, after the low boiling material is completely distilled out, the higher boiling material is fractionated out, then the high boiling material is distilled out, and finally the bottom of the reactor is the residue.
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