01 What are the types of tower arrangement? Specific requirements for?
(1) single-row arrangement, generally more single-row arrangement, when there are two or more towers or vertical containers on one side of the pipeline corridor, the general centerline alignment, such as two or more towers set up a joint platform, it is appropriate to centerline alignment or tangent alignment;
(2) multi-row arrangement, for the smaller diameter body higher tower, can be arranged in double rows or into a triangle arrangement, so that the platform can be used to link the tower together to improve its stability. However, the platform rooted members should be used to guide nodes that can slide to adapt to the thermal expansion effects of different operating temperatures;
(3) frame type arrangement, for the diameter DN ≤ 1000mm tower can also be arranged in the frame or the side of the frame. The frame is used to improve its stability and set up platforms and ladders. For the segmented tower arranged on the frame, when it is not possible to use motorized lifting gear, it should be set up on the frame for maintenance and lifting facilities.
02 What are the requirements for the arrangement of the tower and its associated equipment?
The tower and its associated equipment such as feed heater, non-flame heated reboiler, condensation cooler at the top of the tower, reflux tanks, pumping pumps at the bottom of the tower, etc., it is desirable to be arranged close to the order of the process, and if necessary, can be formed into an independent operating system located in a zone, so as to facilitate the operation and management.
03 along the pipeline corridor arrangement of the tower and vertical pipe apparatus and how to determine the spacing of the pipeline corridor?
(1) When arranging the pumps between the tower and the pipe corridor, it should be determined according to the operation, maintenance and piping requirements of the pumps;
(2) When the pump is not arranged between the tower and the pipe corridor, the distance between the outer wall of the tower and the centerline of the pipe rack column should not be less than 3m.
04 How to determine the distance between tower and tower or between tower and other adjacent equipment?
Tower and tower or tower and other adjacent equipment between the distance, in addition to pipelines, platforms, meters and small equipment and other layout and installation requirements, should also meet the operation, maintenance access and foundation layout needs to play. The net distance between two towers should not be less than 2.5m.
05 tower and vertical container installation height should meet what requirements?
(1) when the use of internal pressure or fluid gravity will be sent to other equipment or pipeline materials, should be sent to the equipment or pipeline by its internal pressure and the pressure and height of the determination;
(2) When pumping with a pump, should be by the pump's cavitation margin and the pressure drop in the suction pipe to determine the installation height of the equipment;
(3) The installation height of the tower with a non-open-flame heated reboiler shall be determined by the interrelationship between the tower and the reboiler required by the process and the operational requirements;
(4) The minimum headroom required for piping installation and operation at the bottom of the tower should be met, and the base surface of the tower should not be less than 200mm above the ground.
06 What are the general requirements for the arrangement of heat exchange equipment?
(1)
Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger equipment associated with the fractionating tower, such as reboiler at the bottom of the tower, condensing cooler at the top of the tower. It is desirable to connect the process sequence is arranged in the vicinity of the fractionating tower;
(2) two materials for heat exchange heat exchanger, it is appropriate to arrange in the two materials import and export pipeline connected to the nearest position;
(3) a material and several different materials for heat exchange shell and tube heat exchanger, should be arranged in groups;
(4) water or refrigerant cooling several groups of different materials cooler, should be arranged in groups;
(5) arranged in groups of heat exchanging equipment, it is appropriate to take the center line of the base of the support alignment, when the spacing of the support is not the same, it is appropriate to take the center line of the base of the base of one end of the support alignment. In order to facilitate the connection of pipelines, the ground arrangement of
Heat Exchangers can also be used to import and export pipeline nozzle
Center line alignment;
(6) heat exchanger equipment should be arranged on the ground as far as possible, but a larger number of heat exchanger equipment can be arranged on the frame:
(1) Floating head type heat exchanger should meet the following requirements when arranged on the ground:
Floating head and tube box on both sides should have a width of not less than 0.6m of open space, floating head in front of the end of the appropriate width of not less than 1.2m of open space;
Tube box in front of the tube box from the end of the tube box should be left than the length of the tube bundle at least 1.5m long open space.
2) Floating head type heat exchanger in the frame arrangement, should meet the following requirements:
Floating head end of the platform in front of the headroom should not be less than 0.8m;.
The headroom of the platform in front of the pipe box end should not be less than 1mn, the platform adopts removable railings, and the space required for the tube bundle extraction area should be considered;
The height of the frame should be able to meet the heat exchanger tube box and floating head of the head cover lifting needs.
(7) in order to save space or process operation can be two heat exchanger equipment overlap in the arrangement. But for two-phase flow media or shell diameter greater than or equal to 1.2m heat exchanger should not overlap the arrangement;
(8) between heat exchangers, heat exchangers and other equipment between the net distance should not be less than 0.7m;
(9) Heavy oil or polluting materials heat exchanger equipment should not be arranged on the frame;
(10) operating temperature higher than the spontaneous combustion point of the material above the heat exchanger, such as no floor or platform separation, should not be arranged for other equipment.
07 What are the general requirements for the arrangement of reboiler?
(1) The spacing between reboilers and towers heated by open flame should be arranged according to the spacing requirements of heating furnace and tower in the fire code;
(2) Horizontal reboiler heated with steam or hot carrier should be arranged close to the tower, and maintain a certain height difference with the tower (determined by the process design), the distance between the two should meet the requirements of piping arrangement, the reboiler pumping bundle should be one end of the maintenance site and access;
(3) Vertical reboiler is appropriate to use the tower as a support arranged on the side of the tower, and maintain a certain height difference with the tower (determined by the process design). There should be enough space above it for maintenance;
(4) a tower needs more than one parallel vertical reboiler, reboiler location and installation height, in addition to ensuring that the process requirements, but also to meet the requirements of the import and export of the set of pipe layout and easy to operate and maintenance.
08 What are the general requirements for the arrangement of air cooler?
(1) The air cooler (hereinafter referred to as air cooler) should be arranged on the downwind side of the device in the direction of the wind with the minimum frequency throughout the year;
(2) The air cooler should be arranged above the main pipe gallery, on the top floor of the frame or on the top of the tower;
(3) The air cooler should not be arranged in the operating temperature equal to or higher than the spontaneous combustion point of the material and the top of the equipment for conveying and storing liquefied hydrocarbons; otherwise, it should be protected by the isolation of non-combustible material partitions;
(4) When multiple air coolers are arranged together, they should be arranged in the same form and should be arranged in columns; a part of column arrangement and another part of row arrangement should be avoided;
(5) The pitched-roof air cooler should not face the ventilation to the dominant wind direction in summer. The pitched-roof air-cooler should be arranged in rows; if it is arranged in rows, there should be a space of not less than 3m in the middle of the two rows;
(6) The distance between the frame columns of two humidifying air coolers or dry and wet combined air coolers arranged side by side should not be less than 3m;
(7) A platform should be set up at the tube box and transmission machinery at both ends of the tube bundle of the air cooler;
(8) There should be a necessary maintenance site and passageway on the ground on the side of the frame or main pipe gallery where the air cooler is arranged.
09 How can the arrangement of air-cooler avoid the hot air circulation among themselves or each other?
(1) Arrange air coolers of the same type at the same height;
(2) Neighboring air coolers are arranged close to each other;
(3) Dry blower-type air-cooler and induced draft air-cooler are arranged separately in groups, and the induced draft air-cooler should be arranged on the downwind side of the wind direction of the minimum annual frequency of the blower-type air-cooler;
(4) When the induced draft air cooler and the blast air cooler are arranged together, the blast air cooler tube bundle shall be raised.
10 heating furnace arrangement of the general requirements?
(1) The open-flame heating furnace should be centrally located at the edge of the device near the fire escape, and should be located at the downwind side of the annual minimum frequency wind direction of the combustible gases, liquefied hydrocarbons, and Class A-B liquid equipment;
(2) The heating furnace and other open flame equipment should be arranged together;
(3) Several heating furnaces can be arranged in rows aligned with the centerline of the furnace. The net distance between two heating furnaces should not be less than 3m;
(4) when the use of motorized maintenance equipment lifting heating furnace tube, there should be motorized maintenance equipment access and maintenance site. For the heating furnace with a horizontal furnace tube, in the extraction of the side of the furnace tube, the length of the maintenance site should not be less than the length of the furnace tube plus 2m;
(5) The distance between the outer wall of the heating furnace and the edge of the maintenance road should not be less than 3m;
(6) For the heating furnace with steam generator, the steam bag should be located on the top of the heating furnace or adjacent to the frame;
(7) heating furnace and its subsidiary fuel gas separation tank, fuel gas heater spacing, should not be less than 6m;
(8) when the heating furnace has air preheater, blower, induced draft fan and other auxiliary equipment, auxiliary equipment should be arranged so as not to interfere with its own and the heating furnace maintenance;
(9) heating furnace and open arrangement of liquefied hydrocarbon equipment between the fire distance should not be less than 22.5m, when the equipment set up between the non-combustible material of the solid wall, the distance can be reduced, but shall not be less than 15m. the height of the solid wall should not be less than 3m, from the heating furnace should not be greater than 5m, and should be able to prevent combustible gases from escaping into the body of the furnace;
(10) when the liquefied hydrocarbon equipment plant or class A gas compressor room towards the heating furnace side of the closed wall, the heating furnace and plant spacing can be reduced, but shall not be less than 15m.
11 vertical container arrangement of the way what are the requirements?
Vertical container shape and tower is similar, only the internal structure is not as complex as the internal structure of the tower, vertical container arrangement and installation height, etc. can refer to the tower layout requirements, in addition, the following requirements should be considered:
(1) In order to operate conveniently, the vertical container can be installed on the ground, floor or platform, or it can cross the floor or platform, and support on the floor or platform with lugs;
(2) When the vertical container is installed across the floor or platform, the liquid level indication and control instruments on the container shall be avoided as far as possible to cross the floor or platform as well;
(3) When the vertical vessel is equipped with a large load stirrer inside in order to prevent the solidification of viscous materials or the settlement of solid materials, the supporting structure should be set up from the ground as far as possible in order to avoid the influence of vibration;
(4) for the top opening of the vertical container, the need for manual refilling, the height of the refilling point should not be higher than the floor or platform 1m, such as higher than lm, should be considered to set up a refilling platform or steps.
12 horizontal container layout and installation height requirements?
(l) horizontal container should be arranged in groups. Horizontal container should be arranged in groups and aligned according to the centerline of the base of the support or aligned according to the tangent line of the head. The clearance between horizontal containers can be considered as 0.7m.
(2) in the process design to determine the size of the horizontal container, as far as possible to choose the same length of different diameters of the container, in order to facilitate the arrangement of equipment.
(3) determine the installation height of the horizontal container, in addition to meeting the requirements of the material gravity flow or pump suction height, but also to meet the following requirements:
Container under the liquid collection package, there should be a liquid collection package for the operation and detection of instrumentation required by the sufficient space;
Containers need to be set up under the operating channel, the bottom of the container piping and ground clearance should not be less than 2.2m;
Horizontal containers of different diameters are arranged in groups on the ground or on the same floor or platform, the elevation of the center line of horizontal containers of smaller diameters can be raised appropriately so that the elevation of the cylinder surface of horizontal containers with larger diameters is the same so as to facilitate the setting of joint platforms.
(4) When the horizontal container is arranged in the pit, the accumulation of water and toxic, flammable and explosive medium in the pit shall be properly dealt with. The size of the pit should meet the operation and maintenance requirements of the container. Rainy areas can be considered in the upper part of the pit to set up a canopy.
(5) Horizontal container platform should be set up to consider the operation of manhole and liquid level meter. The top platform elevation should be 150mm lower than the top nozzle flange. When the liquid level meter upper interface height from the ground or operating platform more than 3m, the liquid level meter should be installed in the straight ladder.
Nearby. For the centralized arrangement of the horizontal container can be set up joint platform.
13 What kinds of pump layout?
There are three types of pump arrangement: open-air arrangement, semi-open-air arrangement and indoor arrangement:
(1) Open-air arrangement of the pumps in the open air, usually concentrated in the pipeline corridor below the side of the confusion, can also be scattered in the vicinity of the pumping equipment. The advantage is good ventilation, easy operation and maintenance;
(2) Semi-open-air arrangement of semi-open-air arrangement of the pump is suitable for rainy areas, generally in the pipeline corridor below the arrangement of the pump, above the upper part of the pipeline with a canopy. Or the pump is arranged in the frame of the lower ground, to frame platform as a canopy. These pumps can be arranged according to the pump design requirements, the pump is arranged into a single row, double row or multiple rows;
(3) indoor arrangement in cold or sandy areas can be arranged indoors the pump. If the process requires that the equipment is arranged indoors, the pumps belonging to it should also be arranged indoors.
14 What are the specific requirements of the pump layout?
(1) rows of pumps should be arranged in accordance with the fire requirements, operating conditions and material characteristics of the group layout; pumps open-air, semi-open-air arrangement; operating temperature equal to or higher than the auto-ignition point of combustible liquids pumps should be centrally located; and the operating temperature is lower than the auto-ignition point of combustible liquids pumps should be not less than 4.5m between the fire spacing; and the liquid hydrocarbon pumps should be not less than 7.5m between the fire spacing;
(2) When the pumps are arranged in rows, it is desirable that the pump ends out. Population center line alignment, or the pump end of the foundation edge line alignment;
(3) When the pumps are arranged in double rows, it is desirable to place the power ends of the pumps in two rows opposite to each other and leave the maintenance channel in the middle;
(4) When the pump is arranged below or outside the main pipe gallery, the minimum clear width of the channel in the pump area is 2m, and the minimum clear height is 3m, and the width of the operation channel in front of the pump end, should not be less than 1m;
(5) When the pump is arranged below or outside the main corridor, regardless of single or double rows, the centerline of the pump and driver should be perpendicular to the direction of the corridor;
(6) When the pump is arranged indoors, the net distance between two rows of pumps should not be less than 2 m. The net distance between the pump end or the pump side and the wall should meet the requirements of operation and maintenance, and should not be less than l m. The centerline of pump and driving machine should be perpendicular to the direction of the corridor;
(7) In addition to the installation of small pumps on the joint foundation, the net distance between the two pumps should not be less than 0.7m;
(8) pump foundation surface should be 200mm above the ground, the minimum shall not be less than 100mm; in the pump suction port before the installation of the filter, the pump foundation height should be considered filter to facilitate cleaning and disassembly;
(9) Vertical pumps arranged in the main corridor below or below the frame, the upper part of the pump body should leave the space required for installation and maintenance;
(10) conveying extremely hazardous substances (such as propylene?). Hydrocyanic acid, etc.) of the pump room and other pump room should be set up separately;
(11) The fire pump room should be equipped with dual power sources;
(12) public standby pumps should be arranged in the middle of the corresponding pump;
(13) The pump layout should take into account the pipeline flexibility design requirements.
15 compressor arrangement of the general requirements?
(1) compressor and its ancillary equipment should be arranged to meet the requirements of the manufacturer;
(2) The compressor should be arranged near the equipment to be pumped, and its ancillary equipment should be arranged close to the unit;
(3) The arrangement of combustible gas compressors should meet the following requirements:
The distance between the compressor and the open flame equipment and non-explosion-proof electrical equipment should be in accordance with the current national standard "Code for Design of Electric Power Installations in Explosive and Fire Hazardous Environments" (GB 50028) and "Code for Design and Fire Protection of Petrochemical Enterprises" (GB 50160);
It is desirable to have open-air arrangement or semi-open arrangement. In cold or sandy areas can be arranged in the plant;
Single drive power equal to or greater than 150kw of gas compressor plant, and other A, B, C rooms should not be shared with a building; compressor above, shall not be arranged for A, B, C liquid equipment, but the self-use of the high lubricating oil tanks are not subject to this limit.
(4) single-floor layout of the compressor, when the foundation is high, it is appropriate to set up the operating platform as needed; when more ancillary equipment, it is appropriate to two-floor layout.
16 What requirements should the installation height of the compressor meet?
The installation height of the compressor should be determined according to its structural characteristics. The installation height of the compressor whose inlet and outlet are at the bottom should comply with the following requirements:
(1) Clearance requirements between the inlet and outlet connecting pipes and the ground ;
(2) Requirements for the height of the connection between the inlet and outlet connecting pipelines and the pipelines on the pipe gallery;
(3) Requirements for the installation height and size of the filter on the suction pipe;
(4) In order to reduce vibration should reduce the installation height of reciprocating compressors.
17 device control room, power distribution room, laboratory layout should comply with what fire regulations?
(1) Control room, power distribution room should be located in the ground floor of the building, if the production needs or by other conditions, the control room, power distribution room can be arranged in the second or higher level;
(2) In installations where heavier-than-air combustible gases may be emitted, the indoor floors of the control room, power distribution room and laboratory shall be at least 0.6m higher than the outdoor floor;
(3) The external wall of the control room facing the side of the equipment with fire hazard shall be a solid wall of non-combustible material without doors, windows or openings;
(4) No on-line analyzing primary instruments of combustible gases, liquefied hydrocarbons and combustible liquids shall be installed in the room of control room or laboratory. When the above instruments are installed in the adjacent rooms of the control room and laboratory, the intermediate partition wall shall be a firewall.
18 What requirements should be met for the channel setting of the production device? What is the minimum width and minimum clear height of the channel in the device?
When arranging the device, comprehensive consideration should be given to setting up necessary passages and sites according to the needs of construction, maintenance, operation and fire fighting. Inside the device, roads should be used to separate the device into equipment and building areas covering an area of not more than 10000m2. When the esterification polymerization of synthetic fiber device, extraction and post-processing plant covers an area of more than 10000m2, should be set up on both sides of the channel. The main vehicular access in the device should be connected with the factory road.
(1) The installation of the device fire escape should meet the following requirements:
When the device width is greater than 60m, should be set up in the device through the fire escape;
Device width is less than or equal to 60m, and the device outside the two sides of the fire escape, may not be set up through the fire escape. Device not through the road should be equipped with a return site.
The width of the road should not be less than 4m, the road shoulder pipe racks and road edge clearance should not be less than lm, the road inside the line of the turning radius should not be less than 7m, the clear height of the road should not be less than 4.5m.
(2) maintenance channel should meet the motorized maintenance equipment on the width of the road, turning radius and bear the load requirements, and can lead to the lifting hole of the equipment maintenance.
(3) The main vehicular access, fire fighting access and maintenance access should be set up together.
(4) operation channel, should be based on the production operation, inspection, small maintenance, such as the frequency and the distribution of the operation point to decide.
19 along the tower piping arrangement design should be considered?
(1) Should meet the requirements of process piping and instrumentation flow chart;
(2) The piping arrangement should be planned from the top of the tower to the bottom of the tower from top to bottom, and the location of the top piping and large-diameter piping and the direction of the self-flowing piping should be considered first, then the pressure piping and general piping should be arranged, and the bottom piping and small-diameter piping should be considered last;
(3) Convenient operation, maintenance and safe and reliable, economically reasonable should be considered;
(4) Each pipeline should be as short as possible according to its starting and ending points, but must meet the requirements of pipeline flexibility;
(5) Each pipe should be arranged along the tower as much as possible, and pay attention to have a "good appearance":
There are two cases can be considered: First, each pipe is arranged separately; Second, according to the pipeline arranged in groups (this way plus the centralized load of the pipeline is large, should obtain the consent of the equipment designers);
On the pipeline side along the outer wall of the tower is a concentric circle arrangement, or along the outer wall of the tower is a tangent arrangement.
20 What are the main points of tower top piping design?
(1) Tower top piping generally has tower top oil and gas, venting and safety valve outlet piping. Tower top venting pipeline is generally installed at the top of the tower top oil and gas pipeline at the highest level of the top of the pipe section, and should meet the requirements of the fire code;
(2) tower top oil and gas pipeline medium is generally gas-phase, pipe diameter is large, the pipe as short as possible, to be "step by step low", should not appear bag-shaped pipe, and has a certain degree of flexibility;
(3) Each pipe along the tower, the need to set up a load-bearing bracket in the upper part, and set up a guide bracket in the appropriate location, so as to avoid excessive force on the nozzle;
(4) The oil and gas pipeline at the top of the fractionation tower is generally not insulated, only anti-scald; such as the pipeline to more than one cold exchange equipment, in order to avoid bias flow, should be arranged symmetrically;
(5) The top of the tower for two-stage condensation, the piping should be arranged so that the condensate level by level of self-flow, oil and gas piping and condensing road inlet branch should be symmetrically arranged, so that the flow rate is uniform;
(6) when the tower top pressure control with thermal bypass, the thermal set of pipes should be insulated, as far as possible the shortest, and its regulating valve should be installed in the reflux tank "on the upper part of the pipeline shall not appear" bag "to avoid the accumulation of liquid;
(7) Decompression tower top oil and gas pipeline and tower openings directly welded without flange connection to reduce leakage.
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