Safety | What is the safety management of mechanical chemical equipment?

Safety | What is the safety management of mechanical chemical equipment?

Chemical machinery and equipment is the general term for the machines and equipment used in chemical industry production. In order to process raw materials into finished products of a certain specification, chemical production often requires a series of chemical processes such as raw material pretreatment, chemical reactions and the separation and refinement of reaction products, etc. The machinery used to achieve these processes is often classified as chemical machinery.

The safe operation of machinery and equipment is of great importance to the production of the entire chemical industry. The chemical industry has its own industry characteristics, and in production, the requirements for machinery and equipment are higher. The responsibility and task of safety management of chemical machinery and equipment is of great significance. Adhere to the "prevention-oriented, maintenance as a supplement" management principles, early detection, timely adoption of effective preventive measures to ensure the safety of machinery and equipment, normal, stable operation. Combined with the author's work by testing the safety management of mechanical chemical equipment for a simple analysis.



A, in stages of fault analysis

1.1 Equipment normal operation before

Equipment by the installation and commissioning and through the technical appraisal, acceptance and operation for a period of time, due to the nature of the equipment itself and the need for break-in, there will be regular failures, the main reasons are: defects in the details of the design, parts in the process of casting there are processing defects, technical personnel contact the new equipment improper operation, and equipment tacit understanding is still to be cultivated. At the same time, the problem of poorly installed components in the installation of the equipment is also a major factor affecting the operation of the equipment. The quality of the equipment at this stage is strictly controlled and mature products are selected. During the installation process, proper assembly should be carried out in strict accordance with the drawings to ensure the quality of the equipment installation.

1.2 Equipment in the middle of normal operation

After the normal operation of the equipment, failure occurs into the smooth period, the regular occurrence of wearing parts and the service life of the parts need to be replaced, such as seals or gaskets, etc. and part of the wear parts have a short service life, equipment in the production process, these parts are not maintained and replaced for a long time, so that a variety of parts lose their role, which in turn leads to the failure of equipment operation.

In the normal maintenance process, due to the careless operation of the staff, easily lead to parts were unintentionally damaged, or parts replacement is not qualified, mismatched phenomenon occurs, the daily maintenance is not timely or not in place, as well as foreign objects into the phenomenon will also cause emergencies, in pursuit of production, is a long time equipment overload operation, will also lead to the frequent occurrence of failure.

Design problems and assembly problems that are not revealed at the beginning of the operation of the equipment will gradually emerge with the depth of production, and after a period of interaction between parts, assembly defects and design defects may also produce safety production problems. Strict maintenance of equipment in production, in accordance with the design procedures for equipment maintenance, the discovery of problems to be dealt with in a timely manner, before the operation to be inspected, found in time to solve the problem, regular inspection.

1.3 Equipment operation at a later stage

Chemical production equipment operation to the late due to parts and components and the aging of the main body, the entire equipment will enter the period of failure, in this period due to years of work and repeated maintenance and replacement of parts, the equipment has been unable to achieve the expected performance of the design, in the long-term operation, the wear and aging of parts, the main structure of the deformation and lack of function will cause the entire equipment to reduce efficiency, while the equipment Various aspects of uncertainty by the objective environment changes also lead to failure from time to time, the frequency of maintenance and maintenance costs will increase significantly, the need for comprehensive maintenance and upgrading of equipment, or scrap processing.



Second, the processing before overhaul

The parking process should be carried out in conjunction with the corresponding regulations. In accordance with the established maintenance plan, deal with other sections of the contact, according to the program provisions of the process of the equipment for parking operations.

2.1 Residual material in the plant must be emptied and disposed of

Before discharging residual materials to be carried out, the nature of the materials should be checked to ensure that flammable, explosive and corrosive materials are discharged in a reasonable manner and that residual materials are handled correctly. Equipment, pipeline materials should be emptied and pumped as far as possible, the discharge of flammable gases, toxic gases and other materials that are not easy to collect should be handled properly.

2.2 Appropriate control of the speed of cooling down

Cooling down the amount of operations should be carried out in accordance with the operational requirements to prevent accidents from occurring when high temperature equipment is handled inadvertently. The process of cooling down the amount of high-temperature equipment can not be too violent cooling measures, after cutting off the heat source, should be properly ventilated cooling when the natural cooling is the main focus. The rapid drop in temperature honours the deformation and rupture of equipment and components, leaving safety hazards for the subsequent production.

2.3 When opening and closing valves at all levels, the speed should not be too fast

When the valve is opened, first open the valve after the first two buckles to briefly stay for a moment, so that a small amount of material first through, and observe whether the material, and then gradually open the valve. When opening the steam valve, pay attention to the preheating of the pipeline, drainage condensation and waterproofing agent, etc.

2.4 When high temperature vacuum equipment for parking operations, to first eliminate the vacuum state of the working environment of the equipment

Wait until the temperature of the medium inside the equipment itself drops below the temperature of spontaneous combustion and then pass the air mixture to prevent the air from entering and causing a fire.

2.5 Shutdown operations should be in strict accordance with the relevant process regulations

First cool down the equipment and pay close attention to the impact on the furnace chamber during the extinguishing of the fire source in each important part. Only when the furnace temperature is reduced to a reasonable level can the equipment be evacuated and the low point de-condensation operation be carried out to avoid unintentional ignition of combustible gases which may lead to fire accidents. At the same time, when the device is stopped, in order to ensure the safety of the various maintenance operations staff should pay close attention to the changes in temperature, pressure, flow, liquid level and other parameters of each part.



Third, the equipment daily maintenance and use of precautions

1. Cut off the source of media inside the equipment

If workers need to enter the equipment inside the operation, to ensure that the media in the equipment can not occur internal leakage. After a long period of use, the equipment will often have poor sealing effect on the opening and closing of the pipeline valves, which will have a negative impact on the normal operation of the maintenance personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully confirm that the valves between the equipment connection pipelines, airtight qualified.

2, evacuate the toxic and harmful gases in the equipment

For the presence of chemical equipment in the toxic, harmful, flammable, explosive gas treatment can be selected replacement method. For high-temperature liquid equipment for processing is to first empty the memory of the material. Then use cold material or add cold water and other methods to cool down the equipment, the internal high-pressure equipment should be pressure relief processing, so that the internal and external air pressure of the equipment is balanced. To ensure the safety of subsequent operations.

3. Correct disassembly into the hole

After the process of media isolation, replacement, cooling and pressure reduction for maintenance equipment, strict confirmation and testing should be carried out to ensure safety before disassembly into the hole. For equipment with liquids, avoid the side of the entry hole as much as possible to prevent liquid from being ejected and injuring people. At the same time, choose a suitable opening method for different types of equipment, taking into account the chemical properties of various materials.

4. Correct labour protection dressing

The requirement to wear labour protection clothing is not simply a clothing requirement. When workers want to enter the interior of chemical equipment, labour protection equipment must play a protective role. In the process of operation staff should supervise each other to ensure that no safety accidents occur due to human negligence in personnel operations.

IV. Conclusion

Mechanical chemical equipment has a certain degree of specificity, must pay great attention to the safety management of chemical machinery and equipment, fully understand the importance of chemical machinery safety management. Strictly in accordance with the relevant requirements for maintenance, to ensure the safety of personnel and the safety of production.

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